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Solvent-free intumescent fire protection epoxy coatings with excellent smoke suppression, toxicity reduction, and durability enabled by a micro/ nano-structured P/N/Si-containing flame retardant

Abstract

The development of solvent-free intumescent fire protection epoxy (EP) coatings with excellent durability is an extremely important issue for the protection of storage tanks and structural steels in the coating industry. In this work, a micro/nano-structured phosphorus/nitrogen/silicon-containing flame retardant (APP@Si) was synthesized by silica nanoparticles-modified ammonium polyphosphate, which was utilized to prepare highperformance intumescent fire protection epoxy resin (EP) coatings via a solvent-free method. APP@Si enhanced fire protection, smoke suppression, toxicity reduction, mechanical properties, and durability of solvent-free EP coatings. APP@Si with a 10 wt% loading level endowed solvent-free EP coating (EP/10APP@Si) with a limiting oxygen index value of 32.4 % and a UL-94 V-0 rating. Meanwhile, APP@Si declined the peak heat release rate, smoke factor, and peak CO production rate values of EP/10APP@Si by 77.5 %, 92.6 %, and 56.4 %, respectively, compared with those of pure EP. Moreover, the maximum back temperature of EP/10APP@Si was as low as 126.4 degrees C under heating for 1200 s in the back temperature test, which was 221.5 degrees C lower than that of pure EP. The increase in fire protection of EP/APP@Si coating was mainly attributed to forming an intumescent and dense char layer with strong strength and high expansion degree during combustion. In addition, APP@Si enhanced the flexural strength and impact strength of EP/10APP@Si by 12.0 % and 24.6 % compared with those of EP/10APP. Moreover, APP@Si also increased the water contact angles of EP/APP@Si coatings from 87.9 degrees for pure EP to 93.3 degrees for EP/10APP@Si. And the weight change rate of EP/10APP@Si was the lowest among all coatings after immersing in the deionized water for 20 days. Therefore, this work presented a feasible strategy for fabricating multifunctional solvent-free intumescent fire protection epoxy coatings, which was expected to be applied in the coating industry.

article Article

date_range 2023

language English

link Link of the paper

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Ou Mingyu

Cui Jiahui

Zhao Zongqiang

Li Rongjia

Guan Haocun

Liu Lei

Jiao Chuanmei

Chen Xilei

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Featured Keywords

Solvent-free intumescent epoxy coating

Fire protection

Smoke suppression

Toxicity reduction

Durability

Micro

nano-structured flame retardant

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Performance evaluation of mortar with ground and thermo-activated recycled concrete cement

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to examine the combined effect of ground recycled concrete cement (GRC) and thermo-activated recycled concrete cement (TARC) on properties of mortar. The physical, chemical and microstructural tests were conducted to characterize GRC and TARC before mortar mixtures were produced. The microscopic morphology of GRC and TARC revealed uneven edges and a rough surface that is slightly porous. The GRC and TARC powders were used to replace cement in the range of 0-50% at increments of 10% by volume. The fresh, mechanical, microstructure, and durability characteristics of mortar were tested for different proportion of GRC and TARC as partial replacement of cement. The usage of GRC and TARC decreases the workability of mortar marginally. However, the mechanical performance of the mortar mixtures showed an increasing trend when GRC and TARC share increases in the mixture. Predominantly, compressive strength, bulk density, and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) have all been increased by as much as 20% cement replacement. Furthermore, the incorporation of GRC and TARC enhances the mortar’s durability properties. The microstructure analysis reveals that 20% replacement (GT20) mix has superior structural compactness. In general, partially substitution of GRC and TARC by ordinary Portland cement improves several characteristics of mortar. This will help solve the most prevalent problems that concrete produces, including the high embedded carbon dioxide creation, the high resource usage, and the high waste generation after demolition.

article Article

date_range 2024

language English

link Link of the paper

Compressive Strength

GT0-GT50 (xlsx)