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LEGISLATION RELATED TO SCHOOL SHOOTINGS IN GREAT BRITAIN

Abstract

Introduction: school shootings remain a highly relevant topic for investigation because the social environment and interpersonal relationships play a leading role in the formation of aggressive intentions of perpetrators. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of British legislation related to school shootings. Historically, the law of homicide in the United Kingdom has had a number of distinguishing marks. Structurally, the Scots law of homicide resembles the law of England and Wales because the offences of murder and culpable homicide in Scotland closely resemble the offences of murder and manslaughter in England and Wales. Methods: empirical methods of comparison; specific scientific methods: legal dogmatic method and method of legal norm interpretation. Results: the paper describes the law of homicide in England and Wales, including the common law, the relevant sections of British legislation and the proposals of the Law Commission for the creation of a new Homicide Act with a three-tier structure of general homicide. This overview also encompasses the punishment regime for murder by the Criminal Justice Act 2003 and Sentencing Act 2020. The law of England and Wales is compared with the law of Scotland, especially its crimes of homicide, sentencing guidelines and juvenile justice. Also, the article deals with rules concerning gun ownership. The 1996 Dunblane school shooting in the United Kingdom played a critical role in this issue as it sparked a campaign to change gun laws, which resulted in British lawmakers banning private possession of handguns.

article Article

date_range 2024

language English

link Link of the paper

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Slavkovic V.

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Effect of corrosion on flexural strength of reinforced concrete beams with polypropylene fibers

Abstract

An experimental study was performed to investigate the effects of polypropylene fibers on uncorroded and corroded reinforced concrete beams. Three different volume fractions of polypropylene fibers having 0, 0.5, and 1.5%, were tested at four corrosion levels of 0% and approximately 5, 7, and 9%. A full scale of an accelerated corrosion pool was used for the accelerated corrosion process. Reinforced concrete beams were used for an under monotonic bending test. The contribution of the actual corrosion levels of transverse and longitudinal reinforcement bars to the total corrosion levels were obtained from reinforcement bars fully extracted from concrete. Flexural strength, bond-slip, and moment-curvature relationships were examined for uncorroded and corroded reinforced concrete beams. A new model was developed to predict the flexural strength of corroded reinforced concrete beams. The proposed model for predicting the residual flexural strength of corroded beams was compared with test data published in previous studies. Furthermore, a novel model is presented for improved predictions between the actual and theoretically estimated corrosion mass losses, based on Faraday’s law, with the aid of fully extracted reinforcement bars. The model used to predict the flexural strength of corroded reinforced concrete beams with large sizes demonstrated good agreement with current and previously published literature data. In the case of corroded beams comprising differing amounts of polypropylene fibers, the performance of the corroded beams was limited by a fiber volume fraction of 1.5% at low corrosion levels.

article Article

date_range 2018

language English

link Link of the paper

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