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The Samoyed languages

Abstract

Samoyed languages, centred in north-western Siberia, represent a branch of the Uralic language family that is syntactically and morphologically conservative but phonologically and lexically innovative. Their general structure exhibits all the typical features of a consistent SOV language, save perhaps their complex morphophonology. In short, they are entirely suffixal and can be shown to have derived from an agglutinating proto-language which also had vowel harmony, variously preserved in modern Samoyed languages. The Samoyed languages have much in common with each other, yet they appear quite different in many aspects, which is the main topic of what follows. The chapter moves from Proto-Uralic through Proto-Samoyed to modern Samoyed languages, with selected topics of grammar discussed in separate sections.

article Article; Book Chapter

date_range 2024

language English

link Link of the paper

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Salminen Tapani

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Assessment of reinforced concrete building damages following the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in Malatya, Turkey (February 6, 2023)

Abstract

Earthquakes of magnitude Mw = 7.7 and Mw = 7.6 hit the city of Kahramanmaraş (Turkey) on 6 February 2023. These earthquakes caused serious damage in 11 provinces in Turkey resulting in over 50,000 deaths and huge economic losses with the collapse of thousands of buildings. Two consecutive devastating earthquakes have severely damaged the reinforced concrete building stock located in Malatya. There are many reasons reinforced concrete structures suffer damage under the influence of seismic loads. These reasons can be listed as material and section properties that do not comply with earthquake codes, workmanship defects, ground parameters that are not considered and design errors, as seen in field investigations after earthquakes in Turkey in the past. In this research, a field study was conducted on reinforced concrete buildings damaged after the earthquakes in Malatya province. The causes of structural damages in reinforced concrete buildings between 6–26 years of age were assessed in terms of design and material defects. The structural damages were mainly caused due to insufficient stirrups in structural members, short column, strong beam–weak column, failures of infill walls, soft story type collapse, poor concrete quality, and reinforcement corrosion. In addition to the field investigation, the spectrum relationships created using raw acceleration data obtained from DEMP (Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency) stations in Malatya province were compared with the design response spectra.

article Article

date_range 2024

language English

link Link of the paper

Collapsed buildings

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