National surveillance of cancer survival in Iran (<scp>IRANCANSURV</scp>): Analysis of data of 15 cancer sites from nine population‐based cancer registries

Abstract Cancer survival is a key indicator for the national cancer control programs. However, survival data in the East Mediterranean region (EMR) are limited. We designed a national cancer survival study based on population‐based cancer registries (PBCRs) from nine provinces in Iran. The current study reports 5‐year net survival of 15 cancers in Iranian adults (15‐99 years) during 2014 to 2015 in nine provinces of Iran. We used data linkages between the cancer registries and the causes of death registry and vital statistics and active follow‐up approaches to ascertain the vital status of the patients. Five‐year net survival was estimated through the relative survival analysis. We applied the international cancer survival standard weights for age standardization. Five‐year survival was highest for prostate cancer (74.9%, 95% CI 73.0, 76.8), followed by breast (74.4%, 95% CI 72.50, 76.3), bladder (70.4%, 95% CI 69.0, 71.8) and cervix (65.2%, 95% CI 60.5, 69.6). Survival was below 25% for cancers of the pancreas, lung, liver, stomach and esophagus. Iranian cancer patients experience a relatively poor prognosis as compared to those in high‐income countries. Implementation of early detection programs and improving the quality of care are required to improve the cancer survival among Iranian patients. Further studies are needed to monitor the outcomes of cancer patients in Iran and other EMR countries.