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  5. JWST Spectroscopy of SN Ia 2022aaiq and 2024gy: Evidence for Enhanced Central Stable Ni Abundance and a Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition

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Preprint
en
2025

JWST Spectroscopy of SN Ia 2022aaiq and 2024gy: Evidence for Enhanced Central Stable Ni Abundance and a Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition

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en
2025
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2510.09760arxiv.org/abs/2510.09760

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Alexei V Filippenko
Alexei V Filippenko

University of California, Berkeley

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Lindsey A. Kwok
Chang Liu
Saurabh W. Jha
+46 more

Abstract

We present optical + near-infrared (NIR) + mid-infrared (MIR) observations of the normal Type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) 2022aaiq and 2024gy in the nebular phase, continuously spanning 0.35-28 microns. Medium-resolution JWST spectroscopy reveals novel narrow ($v_{\mathrm{FWHM}}<1500$ km s$^{-1}$) [Ni II] 1.94 and 6.64 micron cores in both events. The MIR [Ni II] 6.64 micron line exhibits a distinct narrow core atop a broader base, indicating a central enhancement of stable Ni. This structure points to high central densities consistent with a near-Chandrasekhar-mass ($M_{Ch}$) progenitor or a high-metallicity sub-$M_{Ch}$ progenitor. From detailed line-profile inversions of SN 2024gy, we derive emissivity profiles for stable iron-group elements (IGEs), radioactive material, and intermediate-mass elements (IMEs), revealing spatially distinct ejecta zones. The [Ni III] 7.35 micron line shows a shallow-to-steep slope transition -- a "broken-slope" morphology -- that matches predictions for delayed detonation explosions with separated deflagration and detonation ashes. We also reanalyze and compare to archival JWST spectra of SN 2021aefx and the subluminous SN 2022xkq. We estimate a stable $^{58}$Ni mass of $\sim0.1$ M$_\odot$ for SN 2024gy, consistent with delayed detonation models, and $\sim0.01$ M$_\odot$ for SN 2022xkq, favoring sub-$M_{Ch}$ scenarios. These results demonstrate that resolved line profiles, now accessible with JWST, provide powerful diagnostics of explosion geometry, central density, and progenitor mass in SN Ia.

How to cite this publication

Lindsey A. Kwok, Chang Liu, Saurabh W. Jha, S. Blondin, Conor Larison, Adam A. Miller, Mi Dai, R. J. Foley, Alexei V Filippenko, Jennifer E. Andrews, Moira Andrews, Katie Auchettl, Carles Badenes, Thomas G. Brink, Kyle W. Davis, Andreas Flörs, L. Galbany, Or Graur, D. A. Howell, Sahana Kumar, Réka Könyves-Tóth, Natalie LeBaron, Colin W. Macrie, Keiichi Maeda, K. Maguire, C. McCully, N. Meza, Estefania Padilla Gonzalez, Rüdiger Pakmor, Jeniveve Pearson, Anthony L. Piro, Abigail Polin, Nabeel Rehemtulla, C. Rojas-Bravo, David J. Sand, Chita Sangkachan, Michaela Schwab, Huei Sears, Mridweeka Singh, Bhagya Subrayan, K. Taggart, Tea Temim, J. Terwel, Samaporn Tinyanont, J. Vinkó, Xiaofeng Wang, J. C. Wheeler, Yi Yang, WeiKang Zheng (2025). JWST Spectroscopy of SN Ia 2022aaiq and 2024gy: Evidence for Enhanced Central Stable Ni Abundance and a Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition. , DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.09760.

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Publication Details

Type

Preprint

Year

2025

Authors

49

Datasets

0

Total Files

0

Language

en

DOI

https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.09760

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