Hydrothermal and solvothermal methods

Photocatalytic membrane reactors have recently gained prominence as environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions for the treatment of contaminated water sources. Photocatalytic membranes (PMs) play an essential role in the separation and degradation of toxic compounds in aquatic environments. Hydrothermal and solvothermal (HST) methods displayed a superior technique in the development of the desired ceramic photocatalyst on a membrane substrate. This chapter presents the impact of HST methods on the recent advancement of PMs for versatile applications. The fundamental principles of the HST approaches for the synthesis of photocatalysts are discussed. The parametric effects on physicochemical properties were also studied. Recent improvements in PM-based HST methods have shown promising results for wastewater treatment. This chapter provides scope for the design of low-cost and efficient HST method-based PMs for water purification applications.