Halide Perovskites for Neuromorphic Sensing and Computing

The development of semiconductor-based electronic devices has significantly advanced sensor-based data acquisition and processor-driven data analysis. However, conventional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technologies are now facing fundamental limitations in scaling, speed, and power efficiency. In response, neuromorphic sensing and computing devices inspired by biological nervous systems have emerged as promising alternatives to address these challenges. Among various material platforms, halide perovskites (HPs) have attracted significant attention for neuromorphic applications owing to their unique properties, including low activation energies, tunable bandgaps, facile ion migration, and mechanical flexibility. These characteristics render HPs well suited for the development of neuromorphic sensors capable of mimicking human sensory functions such as vision, olfaction, gustation, and tactile perception, as well as memristive devices for energy-efficient in-memory computing. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in HP-based neuromorphic sensing and computing technologies, with a focus on their distinct structural and electronic properties, fundamental operation mechanisms, and cutting-edge applications. Current challenges and future perspectives are also discussed, highlighting the transformative potential of HP-based neuromorphic systems for next-generation sensing and computing.